Jacob and his twin brother, Esau, were born to Isaac and Rebecca after 20 years of marriage, when Isaac was 60 years of age. The biblical account of the life of Jacob is found in the Book of Genesis, chapters 25–50. Genesis narrative Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Judah by Michelangelo Buonarroti, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City The name Israel given to Jacob following the episode of his wrestling with the angel (Genesis 32:22–32) is etymologized as composition of אֵל el "god" and the root שָׂרָה śarah "to rule, contend, have power, prevail over": שָׂרִיתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִים ( KJV: "a prince hast thou power with God") alternatively, the el can be read as the subject, for a translation of "El rules/contends/struggles". The Septuagint renders the name Iákobos ( Ancient Greek: Ἰάκωβος), whence Latin Jacobus, English Jacob. The suggestion that the personal name may be shortened from this compound name, which would translate to "may El protect", originates with Bright (1960). 1800 BC, in cuneiform inscriptions (spelled ya-ah-qu-ub-el, ya-qu-ub-el). The same name is recorded earlier still, in c. The hieroglyphs are ambiguous, and can be read as "Yaqub-Har", "Yaqubaal", or "Yaqub El". Yaqub-Har is recorded as a place name in a list by Thutmose III (15th century BC), and later as the nomen of a Hyksos pharaoh. The historical origin of the name is uncertain, although similar names have been recorded. Jacob's Dream statue and display on the campus of Abilene Christian University EtymologyĪccording to the folk etymology found in Genesis 25:26, the name Yaʿaqōv יעקב is derived from ʿaqev עָקֵב "heel", as Jacob was born grasping the heel of his twin brother Esau. Scholars have taken a mixed view as to Jacob's historicity, with archaeology so far producing no evidence for his existence. According to Genesis, Jacob displayed favoritism among his wives and children, preferring Rachel and her sons, Joseph and Benjamin, causing tension within the family-culminating in Joseph's older brothers selling him into slavery. Jacob had twelve sons through four women, his wives (and cousins), Leah and Rachel, and his concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah, who were, in order of their birth, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin, all of whom became the heads of their own family groups, later known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel. He is supposed to have been buried in the Cave of Machpelah. Later in the narrative, following a severe drought in his homeland of Canaan, Jacob and his descendants, with the help of his son Joseph (who had become a confidant of the pharaoh), moved to Egypt where Jacob died at the age of 147. Jacob is said to have bought Esau's birthright and, with his mother's help, deceived his aging father to bless him instead of Esau. According to the biblical account, he was the second-born of Isaac's children, the elder being Jacob's fraternal twin brother, Esau. Jacob first appears in the Book of Genesis, where he is described as the son of Isaac and Rebecca, and the grandson of Abraham, Sarah, and Bethuel. Jacob ( / ˈ dʒ eɪ k ə b/ Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Modern: Yaʿaqōv ⓘ, Tiberian: Yaʿăqōḇ Arabic: يَعْقُوب, romanized: Yaʿqūb Greek: Ἰακώβ, romanized: Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
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